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Common Name: Red Elder

General Information

Sambucus racemosa kamtschatica is a deciduous shrub that can grow up to 3.00 metres tall.
It is harvested from the wild for local use as a food, medicine and source of materials.

Known Hazards

Although no specific mention has been seen for this species, the leaves and stems of some, if not all, members of this genus are poisonous[, ]. The fruit of this species has been known to cause stomach upsets to some people. Any toxin the fruit might contain is liable to be of very low toxicity and is destroyed when the fruit is cooked[, ]. The seed is said to be poisonous[].

Botanical References

, ,

Range

Europe to W. Asia. Occasionally naturalized in N. Britain[].

Habitat

Woods, mainly in mountains[].

Properties

Edibility Rating
Medicinal Rating
Habit	Deciduous Shrub
Height	3.00 m
Pollinators	Insects
Cultivation Status	Wild

Cultivation Details

Tolerates most soils, including chalk[], but prefers a moist loamy soil[, ]. Grows well in heavy clay soils. Tolerates some shade but is best in a sunny position. Prefers cool moist conditions. Tolerates atmospheric pollution and coastal situations.
Hardy to about -25°c[]. Plants self-sow in N. Britain but they rarely fruit well in S. Britain[, ].
There are some named varieties developed for their ornamental value[].
The flowers have a sweet smell, free from the fishy undertones found in some other members of the genus[].
This subspecies has larger fruits and seeds than the type[].
Plants in this genus are notably resistant to honey fungus[].

Edible Uses

Fruit - raw or cooked[]. The tastiest fruit in this genus[]. Rich in vitamin C, the seed can be removed and the fruit used in jellies, preserves etc[]. The fruit is about 5mm in diameter and is borne in large clusters, making it easy to harvest[]. Some caution is advised, see notes above on toxicity.
Flowers - raw or cooked.

Medicinal

The leaves, stems and the roots are anodyne, carminative and vulnerary[, ]. A decoction is used in the treatment traumatic injuries, fractures, rheumatoid arthralgia, gas pains, acute and chronic nephritis[].
The fruit is depurative and laxative[, ].
The leaves are diuretic, resolvent and sudorific[]. They are used externally to soothe abscesses and boils[].
The root, and the oil from the seed, are purgative[, ].

Other Uses

The leaves are used to repel insects[].
Wood - commonly used in the manufacture of domestic items. It can be hollowed out to make flutes, pipes, straws etc[, ].

Propagation

Seed - best sown as soon as it is ripe in the autumn in a cold frame, when it should germinate in early spring. Stored seed can be sown in the spring in a cold frame but will probably germinate better if it is given 2 months warm followed by 2 months cold stratification first[, , ]. Prick out the seedlings into individual pots when they are large enough to handle. If good growth is made, the young plants can be placed in their permanent positions during the early summer. Otherwise, either put them in a sheltered nursery bed, or keep them in their pots in a sheltered position and plant them out in spring of the following year.
Cuttings of half-ripe wood, 7 - 10cm with a heel, mid summer in a frame[].
Cuttings of mature wood of the current season's growth, 15 - 20cm with a heel, late autumn in a frame or a sheltered outdoor bed[].
Division of suckers in the dormant season.