The genus Rubus, (especially the blackberries, which are often loosely referred to as Rubus fruticosus agg.) presents some of the most difficult taxonomic problems. This is partly due to the frequency of polyploidy; also to the frequent occurrence of hybridization; and also due to apomixis, where minor differences between plants are preserved because seedlings are genetically identical to their parent. As a result, differences of opinion on the number of species to be recognized from a given region can vary tremendously (for example, a treatment by M. L. Fernald[] in 1950 recognized 205 species for the northern half of the eastern United States plus parts of southeastern Canada, whilst H. A. Gleason and A. Cronquist in 1991 recognized only 25)[]. Where possible, a relatively conservative approach is taken here[].

Common Name: Heart-leaf Raspberry

General Information

Rubus paniculatus is a deciduous shrub, producing each year a cluster of scrambling, minutely-prickly, biennial stems up to 300cm tall[]. The stems only produce leaves, and do not flower, in their first year of growth; forming flowering branches in their second year and then dying after fruiting.
The plant is harvested from the wild for local use as a food, and sometimes also as a medicine.

Known Hazards

None known

Botanical References

, ,

Range

E. Asia - Himalayas of northern India, Nepal, Bhutan, China (Xizang, Yunnan)

Habitat

Shrubberies; at elevations from 1,500 - 2,900 metres from Pakistan to Bhutan[]. Damp shady ravines to 1,800 metres in Jaunsar and Tehri-Garhwal[]. Mixed forests on slopes, ravines, streamsides; at elevations from 1,500 - 3,200 metres[].

Properties

Edibility Rating
Medicinal Rating
Other Uses Rating
Habit	Deciduous Shrub
Height	3.00 m
Pollinators	Insects
Cultivation Status	Wild

Cultivation Details

Species in this genus are generally easily grown in a good well-drained loamy soil in sun or semi-shade[, , ].
Plants in this genus are notably susceptible to honey fungus[].

Edible Uses

Fruit - raw or cooked[, , ]. A blackberry[]. The dark red to blackish purple, globose fruit is around 10mm in diameter[, ].

Medicinal

A paste of the bark is used in the treatment of scabies[].

A paste of the leaves is used as a poultice on sprains[].

Other Uses

A purple to dull blue dye is obtained from the fruit[].

Propagation

Seed - requires stratification and is best sown in early autumn in a cold frame. Stored seed requires one month stratification at about 3°c and is best sown as early as possible in the year. Prick out the seedlings when they are large enough to handle and grow on in a cold frame. Plant them out into their permanent positions in late spring of the following year.
Cuttings of half-ripe wood, mid summer in a frame[].
Tip layering in July. Plant out in autumn.
Division in early spring or just before leaf-fall in the autumn[].