Common Name:

General Information

Platanthera psycodes is a herbaceous, perennial orchid growing from a tuberous rootstock with erect stems 14 - 100cm tall[].
The plant is harvested from the wild for local use as a medicine. It is sometimes grown as an ornamental in gardens.

Known Hazards

None known

Botanical References

Range

Eastern N. America - southern Manitoba to Newfoundland, south to northern Illinois and Pennsylvania; southern W. Virginia, Tennessee, N. Carolina

Habitat

Alluvial and swamp forests, stream banks, riparian meadows, moist and seeping slopes, marshes, roadside banks, ditches, old fields; at elevations up to 2,000 metres[].

Properties

Medicinal Rating
Habit	Perennial
Height	0.70 m
Pollinators	Insects
Cultivation Status	Ornamental, Wild

Cultivation Details

The N. American members of this genus are generally best grown in a sand-peat bed (60% silica sand, 40% sphagnum peat with a mulch of pine needles)) or in pots of pure, living sphagnum moss[].
Orchids are, in general, shallow-rooting plants of well-drained low-fertility soils. Even those species that grow in bogs tend to be in the drier areas of the bog with plenty of water 15cm or more below soil level. Their symbiotic relationship with a fungus in the soil allows them to obtain sufficient nutrients and be able to compete successfully with other plants. They are very sensitive to the addition of fertilizers or fungicides since these can harm the symbiotic fungus and thus kill the orchid[].
Platanthera psycodes is known to hybridize with Platanthera lacera in the northeasternmost portion of its range[].

Edible Uses

None known

Medicinal

An infusion of the flowers and a root is used to treat cramp in children[].

An infustion of the roots is used as a parturient[].

An infusion of the whole plant is applied to injuries[].

Other Uses

None known

Propagation

Seed - surface sow, preferably as soon as it is ripe, in the greenhouse and do not allow the compost to dry out. The seed of this species is extremely simple, it has a minute embryo surrounded by a single layer of protective cells. It contains very little food reserves and depends upon a symbiotic relationship with a species of soil-dwelling fungus. The fungal hyphae invade the seed and enter the cells of the embryo. The orchid soon begins to digest the fungal tissue and this acts as a food supply for the plant until it is able to obtain nutrients from decaying material in the soil[]. It is best to use some of the soil that is growing around established plants in order to introduce the fungus, or to sow the seed around a plant of the same species and allow the seedlings to grow on until they are large enough to move.
Division in autumn. The plant is very intolerant of root disturbance, any moving or dividing should be attempted in the autumn, keep a large ball of soil around the plant[].