Pistacia lentiscus
L.
Anacardiaceae
Lentiscus massiliensis Fourr.
Lentiscus vulgaris Fourr.
Pistacia brevifolia Gand.
Pistacia gummifera Salisb.
Pistacia multiflora Gand.
Pistacia subfalcata Gand.
Terebinthus lentiscus (L.) Moench
Common Name: Mastic Tree
General Information
Pistacia lentiscus is an evergreen shrub or small tree that usually grows 1 - 6 metres tall[
1636- Title
- Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Pistacia L. (Anacardiaceae)
- Publication
- American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2012, 3, 12-32
- Author
- AL-Saghir M.G. & Porter D.M.
- Website
- http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2012.31002
- Publisher
-
- Year
- 2012
- ISBN
-
- Description
-
]. Plants in the wild are rarely found in this state - they are frequently cut back for their various uses and are normally found as thick, much-branched, thick bushes[
1638- Title
- Flore Forestiere se L'Algérie, Tunisie, Maroc et Midi de la France
- Publication
-
- Author
- Lapie G. & Maige A.
- Publisher
- Gouvernement Général de l'Algérie
- Year
- 1914
- ISBN
-
- Description
-
].
The plant is commonly harvested from the wild, especially for its resin which is known as mastic and has a wide range of uses as a food, medicine, high-grade varnish etc. The plant also provides a range of other materials. The plant is sometimes cultivated for the mastic, especially on the Greek island of Chios[
,
338- Title
- IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
- Publication
-
- Author
-
- Website
- http://www.iucnredlist.org/
- Publisher
-
- Year
- 0
- ISBN
-
- Description
- A list of plants under threat and facing possible extinction, usually with brief details of the threats and information on habitat.
].
Pistacia lentiscus is widespread and common in many parts of its native range, though conservation planning is recommended in Tunisia where it is reported to be threatened. The plant is classified as 'Least Concern' in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species(2016)[
338- Title
- IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
- Publication
-
- Author
-
- Website
- http://www.iucnredlist.org/
- Publisher
-
- Year
- 0
- ISBN
-
- Description
- A list of plants under threat and facing possible extinction, usually with brief details of the threats and information on habitat.
].
Known Hazards
None known
Botanical References
11- Title
- Trees and Shrubs Hardy in Great Britain. Vol 1 - 4 and Supplement.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Bean. W.
- Publisher
- Murray
- Year
- 1981
- ISBN
- -
- Description
- A classic with a wealth of information on the plants, but poor on pictures.
,
200- Title
- The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. 1992.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Huxley. A.
- Publisher
- MacMillan Press
- Year
- 1992
- ISBN
- 0-333-47494-5
- Description
- Excellent and very comprehensive, though it contains a number of silly mistakes. Readable yet also very detailed.
,
1636- Title
- Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Pistacia L. (Anacardiaceae)
- Publication
- American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2012, 3, 12-32
- Author
- AL-Saghir M.G. & Porter D.M.
- Website
- http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2012.31002
- Publisher
-
- Year
- 2012
- ISBN
-
- Description
-
Range
Mediterranean regions of southern Europe, northern Africa and western Asia.
Habitat
Open woods, scrub on dry hillsides, matorral, growing on calcareous gravelly soil, rocky limestone and loamy sand; usually by the coast but also at elevations up to 2,000 metres[
50- Title
- Flora Europaea
- Publication
-
- Author
- ?
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press
- Year
- 1964
- ISBN
- -
- Description
- An immense work in 6 volumes (including the index). The standard reference flora for Europe, it is very terse though and with very little extra information. Not for the casual reader.
,
64- Title
- Vegetable Gums and Resins.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Howes. F. N.
- Publisher
- Faber
- Year
-
- ISBN
- 81-88818-17-8
- Description
- A very good book dealing with the subject in a readable way.
,
338- Title
- IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
- Publication
-
- Author
-
- Website
- http://www.iucnredlist.org/
- Publisher
-
- Year
- 0
- ISBN
-
- Description
- A list of plants under threat and facing possible extinction, usually with brief details of the threats and information on habitat.
].
Properties
Conservation Status | Least Concern |
Edibility Rating | ![*](banana.png) ![*](banana.png) ![*](banana.png) |
Medicinal Rating | ![*](medi.png) ![*](medi.png) ![*](medi.png) |
Other Uses Rating | ![*](other.png) ![*](other.png) ![*](other.png) |
Habit | Evergreen Shrub |
Height | 5.00 m |
Self-fertile | No |
Cultivation Status | Wild |
Cultivation Details
Pistacia lentiscus is a plant of the Mediterranean region, where it is found at elevations up to 2,000 metres. It grows best in areas where annual daytime temperatures are within the range 18 - 24°c, but can tolerate 12 - 40°c[
]. It requires hot summers to fully ripen its wood - in areas with cooler summers the plant will be more sensitive to cold than the figures given in the next sentence. When dormant, the plant can survive occasional temperatures down to about -9°c, but young growth is more tender and can be severely damaged at -1°c[
]. It prefers a mean annual rainfall in the range 400 - 800mm, but tolerates 200 - 2,000mm[
].
Succeeds in any ordinary garden soil[
1- Title
- RHS Dictionary of Plants plus Supplement. 1956
- Publication
-
- Author
- F. Chittendon.
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press
- Year
- 1951
- ISBN
- -
- Description
- Comprehensive listing of species and how to grow them. Somewhat outdated, it has been replaced in 1992 by a new dictionary (see [200]).
,
11- Title
- Trees and Shrubs Hardy in Great Britain. Vol 1 - 4 and Supplement.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Bean. W.
- Publisher
- Murray
- Year
- 1981
- ISBN
- -
- Description
- A classic with a wealth of information on the plants, but poor on pictures.
], preferring a hot dry position in full sun[
166- Title
- The Milder Garden.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Taylor. J.
- Publisher
- Dent
- Year
- 1990
- ISBN
-
- Description
- A good book on plants that you didn't know could be grown outdoors in Britain.
]. Prefers a well-drained to dry sandy or stony alkaline soil, tolerating low fertility[
238- Title
- Encyclopaedia of Herbs and their Uses.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Bown. D.
- Publisher
- Dorling Kindersley, London.
- Year
- 1995
- ISBN
- 0-7513-020-31
- Description
- A very well presented and informative book on herbs from around the globe. Plenty in it for both the casual reader and the serious student. Just one main quibble is the silly way of having two separate entries for each plant.
,
]. Prefers a pH in the range 6.5 - 8, tolerating 6 - 8.5[
]. Established plants are drought tolerant[
].
The mastic tree, especially its tree-like variety 'Chia' is cultivated in southern Europe for its gum, aromatic resin, and mastic oil. Most cultivation takes place on the Greek Island of Chios and some surrounding islands[
46- Title
- Dictionary of Economic Plants.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Uphof. J. C. Th.
- Publisher
- Weinheim
- Year
- 1959
- ISBN
- -
- Description
- An excellent and very comprehensive guide but it only gives very short descriptions of the uses without any details of how to utilize the plants. Not for the casual reader.
,
64- Title
- Vegetable Gums and Resins.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Howes. F. N.
- Publisher
- Faber
- Year
-
- ISBN
- 81-88818-17-8
- Description
- A very good book dealing with the subject in a readable way.
,
,
338- Title
- IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
- Publication
-
- Author
-
- Website
- http://www.iucnredlist.org/
- Publisher
-
- Year
- 0
- ISBN
-
- Description
- A list of plants under threat and facing possible extinction, usually with brief details of the threats and information on habitat.
],
Mastic is a very variable plant, a form with broad leaves yielding the best resin[
64- Title
- Vegetable Gums and Resins.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Howes. F. N.
- Publisher
- Faber
- Year
-
- ISBN
- 81-88818-17-8
- Description
- A very good book dealing with the subject in a readable way.
].
Plants respond well to coppicing, usually resprouting freely if cut back[
].
Any pruning that needs to be done is best carried out in the spring[
238- Title
- Encyclopaedia of Herbs and their Uses.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Bown. D.
- Publisher
- Dorling Kindersley, London.
- Year
- 1995
- ISBN
- 0-7513-020-31
- Description
- A very well presented and informative book on herbs from around the globe. Plenty in it for both the casual reader and the serious student. Just one main quibble is the silly way of having two separate entries for each plant.
].
A dioeciousplant, both male and female forms must be grown if seed is required.
Edible Uses
A sweet liquorice-flavoured resin, called 'mastic', is obtained from incisions made into the bark of the trunk, but not into the wood[
2- Title
- Sturtevant's Edible Plants of the World.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Hedrick. U. P.
- Publisher
- Dover Publications
- Year
- 1972
- ISBN
- 0-486-20459-6
- Description
- Lots of entries, quite a lot of information in most entries and references.
,
11- Title
- Trees and Shrubs Hardy in Great Britain. Vol 1 - 4 and Supplement.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Bean. W.
- Publisher
- Murray
- Year
- 1981
- ISBN
- -
- Description
- A classic with a wealth of information on the plants, but poor on pictures.
,
57- Title
- Plants for Man.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Schery. R. W.
- Publisher
-
- Year
-
- ISBN
-
- Description
- Fairly readable but not very comprehensive. Deals with plants from around the world.
,
64- Title
- Vegetable Gums and Resins.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Howes. F. N.
- Publisher
- Faber
- Year
-
- ISBN
- 81-88818-17-8
- Description
- A very good book dealing with the subject in a readable way.
,
183- Title
- Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Facciola. S.
- Publisher
- Kampong Publications
- Year
- 1990
- ISBN
- 0-9628087-0-9
- Description
- Excellent. Contains a very wide range of conventional and unconventional food plants (including tropical) and where they can be obtained (mainly N. American nurseries but also research institutes and a lot of other nurseries from around the world.
]. The odour is agreeable and the taste mild and resinous, when chewed it becomes soft and so can easily be masticated[
4- Title
- A Modern Herbal.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Grieve.
- Publisher
- Penguin
- Year
- 1984
- ISBN
- 0-14-046-440-9
- Description
- Not so modern (1930's?) but lots of information, mainly temperate plants.
]. It is chewed to strengthen the gums and as a breath sweetener and also used as a flavouring in puddings, sweets (including 'Turkish delight') cakes etc[
2- Title
- Sturtevant's Edible Plants of the World.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Hedrick. U. P.
- Publisher
- Dover Publications
- Year
- 1972
- ISBN
- 0-486-20459-6
- Description
- Lots of entries, quite a lot of information in most entries and references.
,
183- Title
- Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Facciola. S.
- Publisher
- Kampong Publications
- Year
- 1990
- ISBN
- 0-9628087-0-9
- Description
- Excellent. Contains a very wide range of conventional and unconventional food plants (including tropical) and where they can be obtained (mainly N. American nurseries but also research institutes and a lot of other nurseries from around the world.
]. It is also the basis of a Greek confectionery called 'masticha' and a liqueur called 'mastiche'[
183- Title
- Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Facciola. S.
- Publisher
- Kampong Publications
- Year
- 1990
- ISBN
- 0-9628087-0-9
- Description
- Excellent. Contains a very wide range of conventional and unconventional food plants (including tropical) and where they can be obtained (mainly N. American nurseries but also research institutes and a lot of other nurseries from around the world.
,
238- Title
- Encyclopaedia of Herbs and their Uses.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Bown. D.
- Publisher
- Dorling Kindersley, London.
- Year
- 1995
- ISBN
- 0-7513-020-31
- Description
- A very well presented and informative book on herbs from around the globe. Plenty in it for both the casual reader and the serious student. Just one main quibble is the silly way of having two separate entries for each plant.
].
The seed is edible[
1638- Title
- Flore Forestiere se L'Algérie, Tunisie, Maroc et Midi de la France
- Publication
-
- Author
- Lapie G. & Maige A.
- Publisher
- Gouvernement Général de l'Algérie
- Year
- 1914
- ISBN
-
- Description
-
].
An edible oil is obtained from the seed[
2- Title
- Sturtevant's Edible Plants of the World.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Hedrick. U. P.
- Publisher
- Dover Publications
- Year
- 1972
- ISBN
- 0-486-20459-6
- Description
- Lots of entries, quite a lot of information in most entries and references.
,
89- Title
- Flowers of the Mediterranean.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Polunin. O. and Huxley. A.
- Publisher
- Hogarth Press
- Year
- 1987
- ISBN
- 0-7012-0784-1
- Description
- A very readable pocket flora that is well illustrated. Gives some information on plant uses.
,
105- Title
- Tanaka's Cyclopedia of Edible Plants of the World.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Tanaka. T. & Nakao S.
- Publisher
- Keigaku Publishing; Tokyo
- Year
- 1976
- ISBN
- -
- Description
- The most comprehensive list of edible plants I've come across. Only the briefest entry for each species, though, and some of the entries are more than a little dubious. Not for the casual reader.
]. The seed contains around 25% oil - it can be used as a salad oil[
].
The fruits are rich in anthocyanins and these are used as colourings in foods[
1639- Title
- Five Pistacia species (P. vera, P. atlantica, P. terebinthus, P. khinjuk, and P. lentiscus): A Review of Their Tradi
- Publication
- The Scientific World Journal, Volume 2013, Article ID 219815, 33 pages
- Author
- Bozorgi M. et al
- Website
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/219815
- Publisher
-
- Year
- 2013
- ISBN
-
- Description
- A very comprehensive review of the traditional uses and modern medicinal research into five species of Pistacia growing in Iran
].
Medicinal
Mastic was at one time greatly used in herbal medicine, the resin obtained from the tree (see below for more details) being used[
4- Title
- A Modern Herbal.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Grieve.
- Publisher
- Penguin
- Year
- 1984
- ISBN
- 0-14-046-440-9
- Description
- Not so modern (1930's?) but lots of information, mainly temperate plants.
]. It is little used in modern herbalism, though it could be employed as an expectorant for bronchial troubles and coughs and as a treatment for diarrhoea[
254- Title
- The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants
- Publication
-
- Author
- Chevallier. A.
- Publisher
- Dorling Kindersley. London
- Year
- 1996
- ISBN
- 9-780751-303148
- Description
- An excellent guide to over 500 of the more well known medicinal herbs from around the world.
].
The resin is analgesic, antitussive, carminative, diuretic, expectorant, odontalgic, sedative, stimulant and tonic (especially for the brain)[
4- Title
- A Modern Herbal.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Grieve.
- Publisher
- Penguin
- Year
- 1984
- ISBN
- 0-14-046-440-9
- Description
- Not so modern (1930's?) but lots of information, mainly temperate plants.
,
46- Title
- Dictionary of Economic Plants.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Uphof. J. C. Th.
- Publisher
- Weinheim
- Year
- 1959
- ISBN
- -
- Description
- An excellent and very comprehensive guide but it only gives very short descriptions of the uses without any details of how to utilize the plants. Not for the casual reader.
,
218- Title
- Medicinal Plants of China
- Publication
-
- Author
- Duke. J. A. and Ayensu. E. S.
- Publisher
- Reference Publications, Inc.
- Year
- 1985
- ISBN
- 0-917256-20-4
- Description
- Details of over 1,200 medicinal plants of China and brief details of their uses. Often includes an analysis, or at least a list of constituents. Heavy going if you are not into the subject.
,
1639- Title
- Five Pistacia species (P. vera, P. atlantica, P. terebinthus, P. khinjuk, and P. lentiscus): A Review of Their Tradi
- Publication
- The Scientific World Journal, Volume 2013, Article ID 219815, 33 pages
- Author
- Bozorgi M. et al
- Website
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/219815
- Publisher
-
- Year
- 2013
- ISBN
-
- Description
- A very comprehensive review of the traditional uses and modern medicinal research into five species of Pistacia growing in Iran
]. It is used in the treatment of gastric ailments, including ulcers, stomach aches, dyspepsia and diarrhoea in children; and is also used in conditions such as hepatic inflammation, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and tooth disease[
4- Title
- A Modern Herbal.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Grieve.
- Publisher
- Penguin
- Year
- 1984
- ISBN
- 0-14-046-440-9
- Description
- Not so modern (1930's?) but lots of information, mainly temperate plants.
,
7- Title
- Encyclopaedia of Medicinal Plants.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Chiej. R.
- Publisher
- MacDonald
- Year
- 1984
- ISBN
- 0-356-10541-5
- Description
- Covers plants growing in Europe. Also gives other interesting information on the plants. Good photographs.
,
238- Title
- Encyclopaedia of Herbs and their Uses.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Bown. D.
- Publisher
- Dorling Kindersley, London.
- Year
- 1995
- ISBN
- 0-7513-020-31
- Description
- A very well presented and informative book on herbs from around the globe. Plenty in it for both the casual reader and the serious student. Just one main quibble is the silly way of having two separate entries for each plant.
,
254- Title
- The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants
- Publication
-
- Author
- Chevallier. A.
- Publisher
- Dorling Kindersley. London
- Year
- 1996
- ISBN
- 9-780751-303148
- Description
- An excellent guide to over 500 of the more well known medicinal herbs from around the world.
,
1639- Title
- Five Pistacia species (P. vera, P. atlantica, P. terebinthus, P. khinjuk, and P. lentiscus): A Review of Their Tradi
- Publication
- The Scientific World Journal, Volume 2013, Article ID 219815, 33 pages
- Author
- Bozorgi M. et al
- Website
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/219815
- Publisher
-
- Year
- 2013
- ISBN
-
- Description
- A very comprehensive review of the traditional uses and modern medicinal research into five species of Pistacia growing in Iran
].
Applied externally it is used to treat wounds, boils, ulcers, ringworm and muscular stiffness[
238- Title
- Encyclopaedia of Herbs and their Uses.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Bown. D.
- Publisher
- Dorling Kindersley, London.
- Year
- 1995
- ISBN
- 0-7513-020-31
- Description
- A very well presented and informative book on herbs from around the globe. Plenty in it for both the casual reader and the serious student. Just one main quibble is the silly way of having two separate entries for each plant.
,
254- Title
- The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants
- Publication
-
- Author
- Chevallier. A.
- Publisher
- Dorling Kindersley. London
- Year
- 1996
- ISBN
- 9-780751-303148
- Description
- An excellent guide to over 500 of the more well known medicinal herbs from around the world.
,
1639- Title
- Five Pistacia species (P. vera, P. atlantica, P. terebinthus, P. khinjuk, and P. lentiscus): A Review of Their Tradi
- Publication
- The Scientific World Journal, Volume 2013, Article ID 219815, 33 pages
- Author
- Bozorgi M. et al
- Website
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/219815
- Publisher
-
- Year
- 2013
- ISBN
-
- Description
- A very comprehensive review of the traditional uses and modern medicinal research into five species of Pistacia growing in Iran
].
The resin is mixed with other substances and used as a temporary filling for carious teeth[
4- Title
- A Modern Herbal.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Grieve.
- Publisher
- Penguin
- Year
- 1984
- ISBN
- 0-14-046-440-9
- Description
- Not so modern (1930's?) but lots of information, mainly temperate plants.
,
7- Title
- Encyclopaedia of Medicinal Plants.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Chiej. R.
- Publisher
- MacDonald
- Year
- 1984
- ISBN
- 0-356-10541-5
- Description
- Covers plants growing in Europe. Also gives other interesting information on the plants. Good photographs.
,
254- Title
- The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants
- Publication
-
- Author
- Chevallier. A.
- Publisher
- Dorling Kindersley. London
- Year
- 1996
- ISBN
- 9-780751-303148
- Description
- An excellent guide to over 500 of the more well known medicinal herbs from around the world.
].
The fruits (this report is likely to be referring more specifically to the seed[
K- Title
- Plants for a Future
- Author
- Ken Fern
- Description
- Notes from observations, tasting etc at Plants For A Future and on field trips.
]) are said to be aphrodisiac[
1639- Title
- Five Pistacia species (P. vera, P. atlantica, P. terebinthus, P. khinjuk, and P. lentiscus): A Review of Their Tradi
- Publication
- The Scientific World Journal, Volume 2013, Article ID 219815, 33 pages
- Author
- Bozorgi M. et al
- Website
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/219815
- Publisher
-
- Year
- 2013
- ISBN
-
- Description
- A very comprehensive review of the traditional uses and modern medicinal research into five species of Pistacia growing in Iran
]. They are also used in the treatment of liver, kidney, heart, and respiratory system disorders[
1639- Title
- Five Pistacia species (P. vera, P. atlantica, P. terebinthus, P. khinjuk, and P. lentiscus): A Review of Their Tradi
- Publication
- The Scientific World Journal, Volume 2013, Article ID 219815, 33 pages
- Author
- Bozorgi M. et al
- Website
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/219815
- Publisher
-
- Year
- 2013
- ISBN
-
- Description
- A very comprehensive review of the traditional uses and modern medicinal research into five species of Pistacia growing in Iran
].
The leaves are anti-inflammatory,antipyretic, antiseptic, appetizer, astringent, cicatrizant, emollient, expectorant, stomachic and stimulant. They are used in the treatment of abdominal and intestinal pain, jaundice asthma, toothache, mycosis, herpes[
1639- Title
- Five Pistacia species (P. vera, P. atlantica, P. terebinthus, P. khinjuk, and P. lentiscus): A Review of Their Tradi
- Publication
- The Scientific World Journal, Volume 2013, Article ID 219815, 33 pages
- Author
- Bozorgi M. et al
- Website
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/219815
- Publisher
-
- Year
- 2013
- ISBN
-
- Description
- A very comprehensive review of the traditional uses and modern medicinal research into five species of Pistacia growing in Iran
].
The roots are antiseptic and used in the treatment of dental problems[
1639- Title
- Five Pistacia species (P. vera, P. atlantica, P. terebinthus, P. khinjuk, and P. lentiscus): A Review of Their Tradi
- Publication
- The Scientific World Journal, Volume 2013, Article ID 219815, 33 pages
- Author
- Bozorgi M. et al
- Website
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/219815
- Publisher
-
- Year
- 2013
- ISBN
-
- Description
- A very comprehensive review of the traditional uses and modern medicinal research into five species of Pistacia growing in Iran
].
Other Uses
A resin known as 'mastic' is obtained by making small vertical incisions in the bark of the tree (there is no rsin in the wood) from mid summer to the autumn[
64- Title
- Vegetable Gums and Resins.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Howes. F. N.
- Publisher
- Faber
- Year
-
- ISBN
- 81-88818-17-8
- Description
- A very good book dealing with the subject in a readable way.
,
238- Title
- Encyclopaedia of Herbs and their Uses.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Bown. D.
- Publisher
- Dorling Kindersley, London.
- Year
- 1995
- ISBN
- 0-7513-020-31
- Description
- A very well presented and informative book on herbs from around the globe. Plenty in it for both the casual reader and the serious student. Just one main quibble is the silly way of having two separate entries for each plant.
]. The resin exudes from the cuts and hardens, being harvested about 3 weeks later. It can be dried and used as a powder, or distilled for oil and essence[
238- Title
- Encyclopaedia of Herbs and their Uses.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Bown. D.
- Publisher
- Dorling Kindersley, London.
- Year
- 1995
- ISBN
- 0-7513-020-31
- Description
- A very well presented and informative book on herbs from around the globe. Plenty in it for both the casual reader and the serious student. Just one main quibble is the silly way of having two separate entries for each plant.
]. It is used in high grade varnishes, as an incense, a fixative in perfumes, tooth pastes, glue (especially for false beards), embalming, a temporary filling for teeth etc[
7- Title
- Encyclopaedia of Medicinal Plants.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Chiej. R.
- Publisher
- MacDonald
- Year
- 1984
- ISBN
- 0-356-10541-5
- Description
- Covers plants growing in Europe. Also gives other interesting information on the plants. Good photographs.
,
11- Title
- Trees and Shrubs Hardy in Great Britain. Vol 1 - 4 and Supplement.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Bean. W.
- Publisher
- Murray
- Year
- 1981
- ISBN
- -
- Description
- A classic with a wealth of information on the plants, but poor on pictures.
,
46- Title
- Dictionary of Economic Plants.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Uphof. J. C. Th.
- Publisher
- Weinheim
- Year
- 1959
- ISBN
- -
- Description
- An excellent and very comprehensive guide but it only gives very short descriptions of the uses without any details of how to utilize the plants. Not for the casual reader.
,
57- Title
- Plants for Man.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Schery. R. W.
- Publisher
-
- Year
-
- ISBN
-
- Description
- Fairly readable but not very comprehensive. Deals with plants from around the world.
,
64- Title
- Vegetable Gums and Resins.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Howes. F. N.
- Publisher
- Faber
- Year
-
- ISBN
- 81-88818-17-8
- Description
- A very good book dealing with the subject in a readable way.
,
171- Title
- Economic Botany.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Hill. A. F.
- Publisher
- The Maple Press
- Year
- 1952
- ISBN
- -
- Description
- Not very comprehensive, but it is quite readable and goes into some detail about the plants it does cover.
,
200- Title
- The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. 1992.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Huxley. A.
- Publisher
- MacMillan Press
- Year
- 1992
- ISBN
- 0-333-47494-5
- Description
- Excellent and very comprehensive, though it contains a number of silly mistakes. Readable yet also very detailed.
,
238- Title
- Encyclopaedia of Herbs and their Uses.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Bown. D.
- Publisher
- Dorling Kindersley, London.
- Year
- 1995
- ISBN
- 0-7513-020-31
- Description
- A very well presented and informative book on herbs from around the globe. Plenty in it for both the casual reader and the serious student. Just one main quibble is the silly way of having two separate entries for each plant.
,
1639- Title
- Five Pistacia species (P. vera, P. atlantica, P. terebinthus, P. khinjuk, and P. lentiscus): A Review of Their Tradi
- Publication
- The Scientific World Journal, Volume 2013, Article ID 219815, 33 pages
- Author
- Bozorgi M. et al
- Website
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/219815
- Publisher
-
- Year
- 2013
- ISBN
-
- Description
- A very comprehensive review of the traditional uses and modern medicinal research into five species of Pistacia growing in Iran
]. It is used to seal the edges of microscope mounts and is also chewed to preserve the teeth and gums[
64- Title
- Vegetable Gums and Resins.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Howes. F. N.
- Publisher
- Faber
- Year
-
- ISBN
- 81-88818-17-8
- Description
- A very good book dealing with the subject in a readable way.
].
An oil obtained from the seed is used for lighting, soap making etc[
7- Title
- Encyclopaedia of Medicinal Plants.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Chiej. R.
- Publisher
- MacDonald
- Year
- 1984
- ISBN
- 0-356-10541-5
- Description
- Covers plants growing in Europe. Also gives other interesting information on the plants. Good photographs.
,
89- Title
- Flowers of the Mediterranean.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Polunin. O. and Huxley. A.
- Publisher
- Hogarth Press
- Year
- 1987
- ISBN
- 0-7012-0784-1
- Description
- A very readable pocket flora that is well illustrated. Gives some information on plant uses.
].
The leaves contain up to 19% tannin, they are often used as an adulterant of sumac, Rhus coriaria[
223- Title
- Vegetable Tannins
- Publication
-
- Author
- Rottsieper. E.H.W.
- Publisher
- The Forestal Land, Timber and Railways Co. Ltd.
- Year
- 1946
- ISBN
- -
- Description
- A fairly detailed treatise on the major sources of vegetable tannins.
].
Pistacia lentiscus belongs to the secondary Gene Pool of Pistachio (Pistacia vera) and so it has the potential for use as a gene donor for crop improvement[
338- Title
- IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
- Publication
-
- Author
-
- Website
- http://www.iucnredlist.org/
- Publisher
-
- Year
- 0
- ISBN
-
- Description
- A list of plants under threat and facing possible extinction, usually with brief details of the threats and information on habitat.
].
The stems are used in basket making[
,
1638- Title
- Flore Forestiere se L'Algérie, Tunisie, Maroc et Midi de la France
- Publication
-
- Author
- Lapie G. & Maige A.
- Publisher
- Gouvernement Général de l'Algérie
- Year
- 1914
- ISBN
-
- Description
-
].
The pink-coloured wood takes a beautiful polish. It is used in cabinet making and carpentry[
1638- Title
- Flore Forestiere se L'Algérie, Tunisie, Maroc et Midi de la France
- Publication
-
- Author
- Lapie G. & Maige A.
- Publisher
- Gouvernement Général de l'Algérie
- Year
- 1914
- ISBN
-
- Description
-
].
The wood makes an excellent fuel and is used to make a charcoal[
,
1638- Title
- Flore Forestiere se L'Algérie, Tunisie, Maroc et Midi de la France
- Publication
-
- Author
- Lapie G. & Maige A.
- Publisher
- Gouvernement Général de l'Algérie
- Year
- 1914
- ISBN
-
- Description
-
].
Propagation
Pre-soak the seed for 16 hours in alkalized water[
78- Title
- Propagation of Trees, Shrubs and Conifers.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Sheat. W. G.
- Publisher
- MacMillan and Co
- Year
- 1948
- ISBN
- -
- Description
- A bit dated but a good book on propagation techniques with specific details for a wide range of plants.
], or for 3 - 4 days in warm water[
1- Title
- RHS Dictionary of Plants plus Supplement. 1956
- Publication
-
- Author
- F. Chittendon.
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press
- Year
- 1951
- ISBN
- -
- Description
- Comprehensive listing of species and how to grow them. Somewhat outdated, it has been replaced in 1992 by a new dictionary (see [200]).
], and sow late winter in a cold frame or greenhouse[
78- Title
- Propagation of Trees, Shrubs and Conifers.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Sheat. W. G.
- Publisher
- MacMillan and Co
- Year
- 1948
- ISBN
- -
- Description
- A bit dated but a good book on propagation techniques with specific details for a wide range of plants.
,
113- Title
- The Reference Manual of Woody Plant Propagation.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Dirr. M. A. and Heuser. M. W.
- Publisher
- Athens Ga. Varsity Press
- Year
- 1987
- ISBN
- 0942375009
- Description
- A very detailed book on propagating trees. Not for the casual reader.
]. Two months cold stratification may speed up germination, so it might be better to sow the seed in early winter[
113- Title
- The Reference Manual of Woody Plant Propagation.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Dirr. M. A. and Heuser. M. W.
- Publisher
- Athens Ga. Varsity Press
- Year
- 1987
- ISBN
- 0942375009
- Description
- A very detailed book on propagating trees. Not for the casual reader.
]. The germination is variable and can be slow. Prick out the seedlings into individual pots when they are large enough to handle and grow on the plants for at least their first winter in a greenhouse. Plant out into their permanent positions in early summer and consider giving some protection from winter cold for their first year or two outdoors[
K- Title
- Plants for a Future
- Author
- Ken Fern
- Description
- Notes from observations, tasting etc at Plants For A Future and on field trips.
].
Cuttings of half-ripe wood from juvenile trees, July in a frame[
113- Title
- The Reference Manual of Woody Plant Propagation.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Dirr. M. A. and Heuser. M. W.
- Publisher
- Athens Ga. Varsity Press
- Year
- 1987
- ISBN
- 0942375009
- Description
- A very detailed book on propagating trees. Not for the casual reader.
].
Layering.