Common Name: Laz salebi

General Information

Dactylorhiza euxina is a herbaceous perennial growing from a tuberous rootstock; the erect stems sre usually around 10 - 25cm tall, occasionally reaching 35cm[].
The plant is harvested from the wild for its root, which is used locally and also traded.
Dactylorhiza euxina is known from a number of records in northwestern Turkey and Transcaucasia (Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia). Whilst there is no information on threats to the species habitat, it is suspected
hat the scale of harvest and trade, including international trade, in the species, primarily as dried root and root products, is likely to be having a significant impact on populations of the species throughout its range. The plant is classified as 'Near Threatened' in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species(2014)[].

Known Hazards

None known

Botanical References

Range

Western Asia - central and northern Turkey, the Caucasus

Habitat

Wet peaty meadows, near springs and rivulets, forest margins, wet and peaty alpine pastures and water edges[]. Alpine and subalpine high-mountain meadows[].

Properties

Conservation Status	Near Threatened
Edibility Rating
Habit	Perennial
Height	0.00 m
Cultivation Status	Wild

Cultivation Details

The plant grows in the wild in full sun to light shade in wet meadows, fens and short grassland, on slightly acidic to slightly alkaline and nutrient-rich soil
Orchids are, in general, shallow-rooting plants of well-drained low-fertility soils. Their symbiotic relationship with a fungus in the soil allows them to obtain sufficient nutrients and be able to compete successfully with other plants. They are very sensitive to the addition of fertilizers or fungicides since these can harm the symbiotic fungus and thus kill the orchid[].
Dactylorhiza species reproduce mainly and sometimes solely via seed production. Vegetative reproduction of many species is very low - in Dactylorhiza virides, for instance, it is almost
non-existent. Plants reach maturity and flower in one to several years - there is generally a high seed output and this enables Dactylorhiza species to recolonize habitats from which they have disappeared and to establish populations in new habitats[].

Edible Uses

The roots of the plant are used to make a drink in Turkey, known as 'Sahlep'[]. They are also used to flavour ice cream[].

Medicinal

None known

Other Uses

None known

Propagation

Seed - surface sow, preferably as soon as it is ripe, in the greenhouse and do not allow the compost to dry out. The seed of this species is extremely simple, it has a minute embryo surrounded by a single layer of protective cells. It contains very little food reserves and depends upon a symbiotic relationship with a species of soil-dwelling fungus. The fungal hyphae invade the seed and enter the cells of the embryo. The orchid soon begins to digest the fungal tissue and this acts as a food supply for the plant until it is able to obtain nutrients from decaying material in the soil[]. It is best to use some of the soil that is growing around established plants in order to introduce the fungus, or to sow the seed around a plant of the same species and allow the seedlings to grow on until they are large enough to move.
Division in autumn. The plant is very intolerant of root disturbance, any moving or dividing should be attempted in the autumn, keep a large ball of soil around the plant[].
Division of the tubers as the flowers fade[]. This species produces a new tuber towards the end of its growing season. If this is removed from the plant as its flowers are fading, the shock to the plant can stimulate new tubers to be formed. The tuber should be treated as being dormant, whilst the remaining plant should be encouraged to continue in growth in order to give it time to produce new tubers[].
Division can also be carried out when the plant has a fully developed rosette of leaves but before it comes into flower[]. The entire new growth is removed from the old tuber from which it has arisen and is potted up, the cut being made towards the bottom of the stem but leaving one or two roots still attached to the old tuber. This can often be done without digging up the plant. The old tuber should develop one or two new growths, whilst the new rosette should continue in growth and flower normally[].