Common Name:

General Information

Cypripedium himalaicum is a herbaceous perennial plant spreading slowly by means of relatively slender rhizomes to form a clump, Producing 3 - 4 leaves along each erect flowering stem, it usually grows around 25 - 28cm tall, with reports of some plants reaching up to 60cm[, , ].
The plant is harvested from the wild for local use as a medicine. It has great ornamental value[].
Cypripedium himalaicum is a very rare species, known only from a few scattered subpopulations (now severely fragmented), mostly in very small colonies. The species is under numerous threats, especially from overgrazing, ruthless collection for horticulture and medicine, habitat loss and disturbance of its restricted range due to trampling, deforestation, clear-cutting, logging practices and climate change. These are causing a continuing decline of the species in all the locations and the destruction of some subpopulations. The plant is classified as 'Endangered' in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species(2014)[].

Known Hazards

We have seen no reports for Eurasian members of the genus, but there are reports that the glandular hairs on the leaves and stems of some N. American species can cause a rash, similar to poison ivy rash[].
We have no specific information for this species, but it has been stated that the roots of at least one member of the genus may cause psychedelic reactions, and large doses may result in giddiness, restlessness, headache, mental excitement and visual hallucinations[].

Botanical References

Range

Himalayan regions from Pakistan, through India, Nepal and Tibet to Myanmar

Habitat

Forest grassland, forest margins, open rocky slopes, steep slopes, bogs, pastures, edges of woodland. It needs a specific microhabitat feature such as steep grassy slopes (about 50°) amidst Danthonia grass; at elevations around 3,000 - 4,000 metres[].

Properties

Conservation Status	Endangered
Medicinal Rating
Habit	Perennial
Height	0.25 m
Pollinators	Bees, Insects
Self-fertile	Yes
Cultivation Status	Ornamental, Wild

Cultivation Details

Prefers growing amongst wet limestone boulders, in nooks and crevices substrates in partial shade[]. Strongly dislikes dry conditions[].
Orchids are, in general, shallow-rooting plants of well-drained low-fertility soils. Their symbiotic relationship with a fungus in the soil allows them to obtain sufficient nutrients and be able to compete successfully with other plants. They are very sensitive to the addition of fertilizers or fungicides since these can harm the symbiotic fungus and thus kill the orchid[].
The flowers of Cypripedium species belong to the group of 'trap' flowers. An insect as it crawls in, can only escape from the slipper-like labellum through a tunnel near the base of the labellum from where it is directed first to the nearby stigma where possible pollinia from another flower on its back are stripped off and while escaping, sticky pollen from the nearby anthers adhere to its back for the pollination of another flower[].

Edible Uses

None known

Medicinal

In amchi medicine in Dolpa, the whole plant is used in blocked channels, urine retention and stone diseases. It is also used in heart disease, chest disorders and cough[].

The plant is used in China to treat female infertility, hernia and pain at the waist in women[].
In Nepal, the juice extracted from fresh plants, or a drink made with dried plants, is used to treat difficulty in passing urine, urinary stones, heart and lung disease and coughs[].

Other Uses

None known

Propagation

Seed - surface sow, preferably as soon as it is ripe, in the greenhouse and do not allow the compost to dry out. The seed of this species is extremely simple, it has a minute embryo surrounded by a single layer of protective cells. It contains very little food reserves and depends upon a symbiotic relationship with a species of soil-dwelling fungus. The fungal hyphae invade the seed and enter the cells of the embryo. The orchid soon begins to digest the fungal tissue and this acts as a food supply for the plant until it is able to obtain nutrients from decaying material in the soil[]. It is best to use some of the soil that is growing around established plants in order to introduce the fungus, or to sow the seed around a plant of the same species and allow the seedlings to grow on until they are large enough to move.
Division with care in early spring, the plants resent disturbance[]. Remove part of the original rootball, making sure to keep some of the soil around it intact[].
Division is best carried out towards the end of the growing season, since food reserves are fairly evenly distributed through the rhizome[]. Small divisions of a lead and two buds, or divisions from the back (older) part of the rhizome without any developed buds, establish quickly using this method[]. Replant immediately in situ[].