Common Name: Dwarf Cornel

General Information

Cornus suecica is a low-growing perennial plant producing erect stems that are more or less woody and persistant at the base. Spreading by means of a rhizomatous rootstock to form a colony, it can grow 5 - 25cm tall[, , ].
The plant is harvested from the wild for local use as a food and a medicine. It is occasionally grown as an ornamental, where it can be used as a ground cover.

Known Hazards

None known

Botanical References

, ,

Range

Arctic and subarctic regions of Europe and N. America, extending south in Europe to Britain and Germany; E. Asia - Russian Far East, Japan

Habitat

In groups or forming pure thickets in open damp, mossy forests, particularly birch, shrubby thickets, maritime heath, moorland, tundra, or copse, along streams, peat banks, bogs, marshes; at elevations up to 900 metres[, , ].

Properties

Edibility Rating
Medicinal Rating
Other Uses Rating
Habit	Perennial
Height	0.15 m
Pollinators	Bees, Flies
Cultivation Status	Ornamental, Wild

Cultivation Details

Cornus suecica grows within the Arctic Circle and is a very cold-hardy plant, tolerating temperatures down to around -40°c when dormant. It can also be found at higher elevations up to 900 metres further south in the Northern Hemisphere (as far south as Britain and Germany in Europe). It does not grow well in areas with hot summers.
Requires a moist peaty acid sandy soil[].

Edible Uses

Fruit - raw or cooked[, , , , ]. It is usually mixed with other berries[]. Bitter and unpalatable[]. The fruit is rich in pectin[]. The red, globose fruit is 5 - 8mm in diameter[].

Medicinal

The fruit is considered to be a good tonic for the appetite[].

Agroforestry Uses:

A good ground-cover plant, succeeding under trees and shrubs[].

Other Uses

The fruit is rich in pectin[].

Propagation

Seed - best sown as soon as it is ripe in a cold frame or in an outdoors seedbed if there is sufficient seed[, ]. The seed must be separated from the fruit flesh since this contains germination inhibitors[, ]. Stored seed should be cold stratified for 3 - 4 months and sown as early as possible in the year[]. Scarification may also help as may a period of warm stratification before the cold stratification[, ]. Germination, especially of stored seed, can be very slow, taking 18 months or more[]. Prick out the seedlings of cold-frame sown seeds into individual pots as soon as they are large enough to handle and grow the plants on for their first winter in a greenhouse, planting out in the spring after the last expected frosts.
Division in spring. This plant can be a bit temperamental when it is being divided. We have found it best to tease out small divisions from the sides of the clump, to avoid the need to disturb the main clump by digging it up. Try to ensure that each division has already produced some roots. Pot them up in light shade in a greenhouse and make sure that they are not allowed to become dry. Once they are rooting and growing away well, which might take 12 months, they can be planted out into their permanent positions.