Carya texana is part of a group of tetraploid species centred on the widespread and variable Carya glabra, which intergrade where they meet. Carya texana intergrades with both Carya glabra and Carya pallida, its easterly counterpart. Herbarium specimens of Carya texana are almost indistinguishable from those of the Florida endemic Carya floridana, although that species is often shrubby[].

Common Name: Black Hickory

General Information

Carya texana is a deciduous tree that usually grows around 15 metres tall but can reach 40 metres or more in fertile valley bottoms and has a trunk up to 120cm in diameter[, ].
The plant is harvested from the wild for local use as a food and source of materials.
Carya texana has no known major threats. The plant is classified as 'Least Concern' in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species(2018)[].

Known Hazards

None known

Botanical References

, ,

Range

Central southern N. America - Kansas to Indiana, south to Texas and Mississippi.

Habitat

Dry sandy woods or rocky slopes[, ]. Bottomlands and low wet woods[]. Lowland and upland woods, usually on sandy soils but also sometimes on limestone; at elevations up to 500 metres[, ].

Properties

Conservation Status	Least Concern
Edibility Rating
Habit	Deciduous Tree
Height	15.00 m
Growth Rate	Slow
Pollinators	Wind
Self-fertile	Yes
Cultivation Status	Wild

Cultivation Details

Prefers a deep moisture-retentive loam in a sunny sheltered position, requiring a good summer for best development[, , , ]. Slow growing[].
Plants are strongly tap-rooted and should be planted in their permanent positions as soon as possible[, ]. Sowing in situ would be the best method so long as the seed could be protected from mice[, ].
Plants in this genus are notably resistant to honey fungus[].
Most species in this genus have quite a wide range of distribution and, in order to find trees more suited to a specific climate, seed from the most appropriate provenances should be sought[]. Most trees growing in Britain at present tend to only produce good seed after hot summers[].
Trees are self-fertile but larger crops of better quality seeds are produced if cross-pollination takes place[].

Edible Uses

Seed - raw or cooked[, ]. A sweet flavour, but the seed is small with a very thick shell[, , ]. Another report says that the kernel has a bitter flavour[]. The seed is up to 4cm long[]. The seed ripens in late autumn and, when stored in its shell in a cool place, will keep for at least 6 months[].

Medicinal

None known

Agroforestry Uses:

Trees are late coming into leaf (usually in late spring to early summer) and they lose their leaves early in the autumn (usually in October)[]. Whilst in leaf they cast a heavy shade. These factors combine to make the trees eminently suitable for a mixed woodland planting with shrubs and other trees beneath them[].

Other Uses

Wood - close grained, tough, strong, brittle[, ]. It weighs 50lb per cubic foot[].
Used mainly for fuel, it burns well giving off a lot of heat[, ].

Propagation

Seed - requires a period of cold stratification. It is best sown in a cold frame as soon as it is ripe[]. Stored seed should be kept moist (but not wet) prior to sowing and should be sown in a cold frame as soon as possible[]. Where possible, sow 1 or 2 seeds only in each deep pot and thin to the best seedling. If you need to transplant the seedlings, then do this as soon as they are large enough to handle, once more using deep pots to accommodate the tap root. Put the plants into their permanent positions as soon as possible, preferably in their first summer, and give them some protection from the cold for at least the first winter[, ]. Seed can also be sown in situ so long as protection is given from mice etc and the seed is given some protection from cold[] (a plastic bottle with the top and bottom removed and a wire mesh top fitted to keep the mice out is ideal)