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Common Name: Sweet Pignut

General Information

Carya ovalis is a deciduous tree that can grow up to 30.00 metres tall.
It is harvested from the wild for local use as a food and source of materials.

Known Hazards

None known

Botanical References

, ,

Range

Eastern N. America - Massachusetts to Michigan, Virginia, Illinois, Georgia and Missouri.

Habitat

Rich woodlands and on hillsides[, ].

Properties

Edibility Rating
Habit	Deciduous Tree
Height	30.00 m
Growth Rate	Slow
Pollinators	Wind
Self-fertile	Yes
Cultivation Status	Wild

Cultivation Details

Prefers a deep moisture-retentive loam in a sunny sheltered position, requiring a good summer for best development[, , , ]. Slow growing[].
Considered by some botanists to be no more than a form of C. glabra[], this tree is more regular cropping than other species[].
Plants are strongly tap-rooted and should be planted in their permanent positions as soon as possible[, ]. Sowing in situ would be the best method so long as the seed could be protected from mice[, ].
Trees are late coming into leaf (usually late May to June) and lose their leaves early in the autumn (usually in October)[]. During this time they cast a heavy shade. These factors combine to make the trees eminently suitable for a mixed woodland planting with shrubs and other trees beneath them[].
Plants in this genus are notably resistant to honey fungus[].
Most species in this genus have quite a wide range of distribution and, in order to find trees more suited to this country, seed from the most appropriate provenances should be sought[]. Most trees growing in Britain at present tend to only produce good seed after hot summers[].
Trees are self-fertile but larger crops of better quality seeds are produced if cross-pollination takes place[].
The leaves are richly aromatic[].

Edible Uses

Seed - raw or cooked[, , ]. Small but sweet[, ] with a thin shell[, ]. The seed ripens in late autumn and, when stored in its shell in a cool place, will keep for at least 6 months[].
Sap - raw. Tapped in the spring, it has a sweet flavour[].

Medicinal

None known

Other Uses

Wood - heavy, hard, tough and elastic. Used for making wagons, agricultural implements, tool handles etc[, ].

Propagation

Seed - requires a period of cold stratification. It is best sown in a cold frame as soon as it is ripe[]. Stored seed should be kept moist (but not wet) prior to sowing and should be sown in a cold frame as soon as possible[]. Where possible, sow 1 or 2 seeds only in each deep pot and thin to the best seedling. If you need to transplant the seedlings, then do this as soon as they are large enough to handle, once more using deep pots to accommodate the tap root. Put the plants into their permanent positions as soon as possible, preferably in their first summer, and give them some protection from the cold for at least the first winter[, ]. Seed can also be sown in situ so long as protection is given from mice etc and the seed is given some protection from cold[] (a plastic bottle with the top and bottom removed and a wire mesh top fitted to keep the mice out is ideal)