Common Name:

General Information

Berberis x carminea is a spiny, erect deciduous shrub, much branched from near the base; it can grow around 100cm tall[].
A range of garden hybrids, often grown as ornamentals in the garden. The fruit can be eaten.

Known Hazards

All parts of the plant contain the alkaloid berberine - this is most concentrated in the roots, stems and inner bark, and least concentrated in the fruits. In small quantities berberine has a range of effective medicinal applications but, in excess, can cause vomiting, lowered blood pressure, reduced heart rate, lethargy, and other ill-effects.
The fruit of most, if not all, members of this genus are more or less edible and can be eaten in quantity since the levels of berberine in the fruit are very low.

Botanical References

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Range

A range of garden hybrids involving Berberis aggregata as one parent with other closely related species.

Habitat

Not known in the wild

Properties

Edibility Rating
Medicinal Rating
Habit	Deciduous Shrub
Height	2.00 m
Growth Rate	Medium
Pollinators	Insects, Self
Self-fertile	Yes
Cultivation Status	Ornamental, Wild

Cultivation Details

Plants are hardy to about -15°c[].
Prefers a warm moist loamy soil and light shade but it is by no means fastidious, succeeding in thin, dry and shallow soils[, ]. Grows well in heavy clay soils. Grows well on chalky soils[].
Under this collective name is grouped a number of named seedlings that show the influence of Berberis aggregata in their paniculate inflorescence and are probably the result of the chance crossing of that species with other Chinese barberries such as Berberis wilsoniae var. subcauliata and with members of the section Angulosae. Here belong the tall and vigorous ‘Barbarossa’, ‘Buccaneer’, and ‘Pirate King’: dwarfer in habit are ‘Bountiful’ and ‘Sparkler’. All are reliable berrying shrubs, in which the bright red fruits are enhanced by vivid autumn colour[].
A very ornamental plant[], there are several named varieties[]. The cultivar 'Buccaneer' bears very large crops of large fruits, even on small plants[].
A good bee plant[], the flowers are very fragrant.
Plants can be pruned back quite severely, they resprout well from the base[].
Some Berberis species (especially Berberis vulgaris) harbour the black stem-rust fungus (Puccinia graminis Persoon). This is a major disease of wheat and barley crops and can spread from infected barberries to the grain crop. The sale or transport of susceptible or untested species of Berberis is illegal in the United States and Canada[]. This species has been found to be resistant to the disease[].

Edible Uses

Fruit - raw or cooked. A pleasant though strongly acid flavour, it goes well in a muesli[]. Most children, and a few adults, really like the fruit raw, but in general most people will prefer to cook it[]. The fruits are about 10mm in diameter[].

Medicinal

The alkaloid berberine, which is universally present in the roots and stems of Berberis species, has marked antibacterial effects. Since it is not appreciably absorbed by the body, it is used orally in the treatment of various enteric infections, especially bacterial dysentery[].
It should not be used in combination with Glycyrrhiza species (Liquorice) because this nullifies the effects of the berberine[].
Berberine has also shown antitumour activity[].

Other Uses

The roots and stems of all Berberis species contain alkaloids and, when cut open, are a strong yellow colour. This has been utilized by various cultures to make a yellow dye for cloth etc[].

Propagation

Seed - best sown as soon as it is ripe in a cold frame, when it should germinate in late winter or early spring[]. Seed from over-ripe fruit will take longer to germinate[], whilst stored seed may require cold stratification and should be sown in a cold frame as early in the year as possible[]. The seedlings are subject to damping off, so should be kept well ventilated[]. When the seedlings are large enough to handle, prick them out into individual pots and grow them on in a cold frame. If growth is sufficient, it can be possible to plant them out into their permanent positions in the autumn, but generally it is best to leave them in the cold frame for the winter and plant them out in late spring or early summer of the following year. This plant does not breed true from seed because it is a hybrid species.
Cuttings of half-ripe wood, mid summer in a frame.
Cuttings of mature wood of the current season's growth, preferably with a heel, autumn in a frame[].
Suckers, removed in late autumn/early winter and planted out in situ or potted up and planted out in late spring[].