This species is probably better known as Berberis linearifolia, the name has been changed because Berberis trigona is an older name given to the plant[].

Common Name:

General Information

Berberis trigona is an erect, spiny, evergreen shrub, much branched from the base; it can grow up to 2 metres tall[].
The plant is harveted from the wild for local use as a food. It is a very ornamental plant that is sometimes grown in gardens and can be used as a hedge and ground cover.

Known Hazards

All parts of the plant contain the alkaloid berberine - this is most concentrated in the roots, stems and inner bark, and least concentrated in the fruits. In small quantities berberine has a range of effective medicinal applications but, in excess, can cause vomiting, lowered blood pressure, reduced heart rate, lethargy, and other ill-effects.
The fruit of most, if not all, members of this genus are more or less edible and can be eaten in quantity since the levels of berberine in the fruit are very low.

Botanical References

Range

Southern S. America - Argentina, Chile

Habitat

An understorey shrub of Nothofagus forests[]. Shady, moist woodland at elevations around 1,000 metres[].

Properties

Edibility Rating
Medicinal Rating
Other Uses Rating
Habit	Evergreen Shrub
Height	1.50 m
Pollinators	Insects
Self-fertile	Yes
Cultivation Status	Ornamental, Wild

Cultivation Details

Prefers a warm moist loamy soil and light shade but it is by no means fastidious, succeeding in thin, dry and shallow soils[, ]. Tolerant of chalky soils[]. Grows well in heavy clay soils.
Hybridizes freely with other members of this genus[]. This species hybridizes in particular with Berberis darwinii and perhaps also with Berberis microphylla[].
Plants can be pruned back quite severely and resprout well from the base[].
Some Berberis species (especially Berberis vulgaris) harbour the black stem-rust fungus (Puccinia graminis Persoon). This is a major disease of wheat and barley crops and can spread from infected barberries to the grain crop. The sale or transport of susceptible or untested species of Berberis is illegal in the United States and Canada[]. We have no data on susceptibility for this species[].

Edible Uses

Fruit - raw[]. A pleasant, somewhat acid flavour, though a rather high seed to flesh ratio[]. The dark blue, subglobose fruit is 7 - 10mm long, containing 5 - 9 seeds[].

Medicinal

The alkaloid berberine, which is universally present in the roots and stems of Berberis species, has marked antibacterial effects. Since it is not appreciably absorbed by the body, it is used orally in the treatment of various enteric infections, especially bacterial dysentery[].
It should not be used in combination with Glycyrrhiza species (Liquorice) because this nullifies the effects of the berberine[].
Berberine has also shown antitumour activity[].

Other Uses

The roots and stems of all Berberis species contain alkaloids and, when cut open, are a strong yellow colour. This has been utilized by various cultures to make a yellow dye for cloth etc[].

Propagation

Seed - best sown as soon as it is ripe in a cold frame, when it should germinate in late winter or early spring[]. Seed from over-ripe fruit will take longer to germinate[], whilst stored seed may require cold stratification and should be sown in a cold frame as early in the year as possible[]. The seedlings are subject to damping off, so should be kept well ventilated[]. When the seedlings are large enough to handle, prick them out into individual pots and grow them on in a cold frame. If growth is sufficient, it can be possible to plant them out into their permanent positions in the autumn, but generally it is best to leave them in the cold frame for the winter and plant them out in late spring or early summer of the following year.
Cuttings of half-ripe wood, mid summer in a frame. Fairly easy[].
Cuttings of mature wood of the current season's growth, preferably with a heel, autumn in a frame[]. Fairly easy[]