Unless a more recent treatment has been published, we are in general following the treatment in Flora of China[]. However, there is a new revision of the Chinese Berberis species currently being prepared (2016) and it is likely that it will lead to several revisions once it is published[].

Common Name:

General Information

Berberis sikkimensis is a spiny, semi-evergreen shrub; much branched from the base; it can grow 150 - 250cm tall[].
Sometimes grown as an ornamental, the fruit is edible.

Known Hazards

All parts of the plant contain the alkaloid berberine - this is most concentrated in the roots, stems and inner bark, and least concentrated in the fruits. In small quantities berberine has a range of effective medicinal applications but, in excess, can cause vomiting, lowered blood pressure, reduced heart rate, lethargy, and other ill-effects.
The fruit of most, if not all, members of this genus are more or less edible and can be eaten in quantity since the levels of berberine in the fruit are very low.

Botanical References

, ,

Range

E. Asia - Himalayas in Bhutan, Sikkim, Nepal and southwest China

Habitat

Found at elevations of 2,100 - 4,200 metres in the Himalayas. Mixed forests, forest margins and thickets; at elevations from 2,000 - 3,000 metres in Tibet[].

Properties

Edibility Rating
Medicinal Rating
Habit	Semi-deciduous Shrub
Height	1.50 m
Pollinators	Insects
Self-fertile	Yes
Cultivation Status	Ornamental, Wild

Cultivation Details

Prefers a warm moist loamy soil and light shade but it is by no means fastidious, succeeding in thin, dry and shallow soils[, ]. Grows well in heavy clay soils.
This species is closely related to Berberis chitria[].
Hybridizes freely with other members of this genus[].
Plants can be pruned back quite severely and resprout well from the base[].
Some Berberis species (especially Berberis vulgaris) harbour the black stem-rust fungus (Puccinia graminis Persoon). This is a major disease of wheat and barley crops and can spread from infected barberries to the grain crop. The sale or transport of susceptible or untested species of Berberis is illegal in the United States and Canada[]. This species has been found to be resistant to the disease[].

Edible Uses

Fruit - raw or cooked[]. A fairly acid flavour, it is acceptable raw in small quantities, and children seem to like it. Generally, though, most people will prefer to cook it[]. The dark red fruit is up to 15mm long and 4.5mm wide[].

Medicinal

The alkaloid berberine, which is universally present in the roots and stems of Berberis species, has marked antibacterial effects. Since it is not appreciably absorbed by the body, it is used orally in the treatment of various enteric infections, especially bacterial dysentery[].
It should not be used in combination with Glycyrrhiza species (Liquorice) because this nullifies the effects of the berberine[].
Berberine has also shown antitumour activity[].

Other Uses

The roots and stems of all Berberis species contain alkaloids and, when cut open, are a strong yellow colour. This has been utilized by various cultures to make a yellow dye for cloth etc[].

Propagation

Seed - best sown as soon as it is ripe in a cold frame, when it should germinate in late winter or early spring[]. Seed from over-ripe fruit will take longer to germinate[], whilst stored seed may require cold stratification and should be sown in a cold frame as early in the year as possible[]. The seedlings are subject to damping off, so should be kept well ventilated[]. When the seedlings are large enough to handle, prick them out into individual pots and grow them on in a cold frame. If growth is sufficient, it can be possible to plant them out into their permanent positions in the autumn, but generally it is best to leave them in the cold frame for the winter and plant them out in late spring or early summer of the following year.
Cuttings of half-ripe wood, mid summer in a frame.
Cuttings of mature wood of the current season's growth, preferably with a heel, autumn in a frame[].
Suckers, removed in late autumn/early winter and planted out in situ or potted up and planted out in late spring[].