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Common Name: Manchurian Walnut

General Information

Juglans mandschurica is a deciduous tree that can grow up to 20 metres tall
The plant is harvested from the wild for local use as a food, medicine and source of materials. The seeds are sold as a food in local markets[].

Known Hazards

None known

Botanical References

, ,

Range

E. Asia - China, N. Korea

Habitat

Mixed woods in rich soils, also by mountain streams[]. Mixed forests on mountain slopes or in valleys at elevations from 500 - 2,800 metres[].

Properties

Edibility Rating
Medicinal Rating
Other Uses Rating
Habit	Deciduous Tree
Height	20.00 m
Pollinators	Wind
Self-fertile	Yes
Cultivation Status	Wild

Cultivation Details

Requires a deep well-drained loam and a sunny position sheltered from strong winds[, ]. Prefers a slightly alkaline soil[].
A very hardy and ornamental tree[], it is recommended for cultivation in severe cold climates[].
Plants produce a deep taproot and they are intolerant of root disturbance[, ]. Seedlings should be planted out into their permanent positions as soon as possible and given some protection for their first winter or two since they are somewhat tender when young[, ].
Flower initiation depends upon suitable conditions in the previous summer[]. The flowers and young growths can be destroyed by even short periods down to -2°c, but fortunately plants are usually late coming into leaf[].
Any pruning should only be carried out in late summer to early autumn or when the plant is fully dormant otherwise wounds will bleed profusely and this will severely weaken the tree[].
Trees have a dense canopy which tends to reduce plant growth below them. We have no specific information for this species, but the roots of several members of this genus produce substances that are toxic to many plant species, especially apples (Malus species), members of the Ericaceae, Potentilla spp and the white pines (certain Pinus spp.)[]. The leaves of many species also secrete substances that have an inhibitory affect on plants growing underneath them. All in all this is not a very good companion plant[].
Closely allied to J. cathayensis[].

Edible Uses

Seed - raw or roasted[, ]. The kernels are well filled but difficult to extract because the shell is thick[, , ].

An edible oil is obtained from the seed[, ], it tends to go rancid quickly.

Medicinal

The cotyledons are said to be a cure for cancer[].

Other Uses

The seed contains up to 52% oil and, as well as being edible, it has industrial uses[].

A rope is made from the bark of young trees[].

Plants produce chemicals which can inhibit the growth of other plants. These chemicals are dissolved out of the leaves when it rains and are washed down to the ground below, reducing the growth of plants under the tree[, , ]. The roots of many members of this genus produce substances that are toxic to many plant species, especially apples (Malus species), members of the Ericaceae, Potentilla spp and the white pines (certain Pinus spp.)[].

The inner bark is used to make heel pieces for straw shoes[].

Sometimes used as a rootstock to confer greater cold resistance[].

Wood - hard, durable. Used for veneer, furniture etc[, , ].

Propagation

The seed is best sown as soon as it is ripe in individual deep pots in a cold frame[]. You need to protect it from mice, birds, squirrels etc. The seed usually germinates in late winter or the spring. Plant out the seedlings into their permanent positions in early summer and give some protection from the cold for their first winter or two.
The seed can also be stored in cool moist conditions (such s the salad compartment of a fridge) over the winter and sown in early spring but it may then require a period of cold stratification before it will germinate[, , ].